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An overview of fluorine and fluorinated products from discovery of the element, major milestones in chemistry and applications, environmental and health impacts, and future potential for fluorine science • Describes background and contextual information regarding the history, development of understanding, and applications of this important element • Explores the impacts of fluorine, both positive and negative, in the environment and in biological systems • Includes applied, real-world information from agencies such as the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), HWS and Department of Health (DOH), World Health Organization (WHO), Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Fluorine: A Paradoxical Element deals with the complex links between fluorine, humanity, and the environment. This unique resource is divided into three main sections which explore the history of the element fluorine and stages of the development of fluorinated products; awareness of the importance of this element in our environment (both in the atmosphere and lithosphere) and the issues surrounding it; and finally, recent applications of fluoride products in medicine, pharmacology, and in our daily lives. Engaging the reader with interesting figures and accessible language, Fluorine: A Paradoxical Element serves as a valuable reference for chemists and related scientists working in materials, photonics, medicine, pharmacy, biotechnologies, toxicology, and environmental science. Written by a leading expert in the field, Professor Alain Tressaud, this book is the latest volume in the Progress in Fluorine Science series, which includes the work of highly-respected volume editors and contributors from both academia and industry, bringing valuable and varied content to this active field. Alain Tressaud is the Emeritus Research Director at ICMCB-CNRS, Bordeaux University. He is president of the European Academy of Science in Brussels and member of several European academies. He founded and chaired the French Network on Fluorine Chemistry, sponsored by CNRS, until 2008. He has received several awards, including the CEA Award of French Academy of Sciences (2008), the Fluorine Award of the American Chemical Society (2011), and the International Henri Moissan Prize (2012). His scientific interest covers various fields, including synthesis, physical chemical  characterizations, applications in fluorine chemistry, solid state chemistry, and materials sciences. His work also deals with surface modification of materials and intercalation chemistry. Professor Tressaud’s scientific production includes more than 360 papers in international journals, 20 book chapter contributions, and 12 internationalized patents. He has also edited several books in his role as editor-in-chief of the series Advances in Fluorine Science (2006) and Progress in Fluorine Science (2016) with Elsevier.

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Because of the increasing need for ever better performing materials endowed with specific properties, macromolecular engineering has become a useful tool for designing well-architectured polymers (telomers, telechelics, stars, dendrimers, alternating, block- and graftcopolymers). These polymers are nowadays seeing an enormous growth. Among them, fluoropolymers are seen as high value added materials in many applications ranging from surfactants, optical fibers, biomaterials, coatings, to membranes for fuel cells. Indeed, the relationship between structure of the monomer to the properties of the polymers is of increasing interest so that these properties are tuned for the most appropriate applications. As most fluoropolymers are prepared from radical synthesis, this book devotes various parts on the use of the controlled radical (or pseudo-living) polymerisation of fluoromonomers leading to discoveries of thermoplastic elastomers or original surfactants for polymerisation in supercritical CO2. Well-Architectured Fluoropolymers: Synthesis, Properties and Applications, is composed of five chapters starting with a general introduction outlining basic concepts. Emphasis is placed on recent developments, and each chapter describes comprehensive techniques of synthesis of well-defined fluorotelomers or polymers, their properties, characterisations, and their applications, for immediate use by today’s engineers, industrial and academic scientists, and researchers. The book has been arranged to enable self-managed reading and learning. It is both a source of data and a reference.

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Fluoropolymers display a wide range of remarkable properties and are used in a number of applications including high performance elastomers, thermoplastics, coatings for optical fibers, and hydrophobic and lipophobic surfaces. Fluorinated Polymers: Synthesis, Properties, Processing and Simulation covers the fundamentals of different fluorinated polymers. Topics include the kinetics of homopolymerisation and copolymerization, process chemistry, and controlled radical co-polymerisation techniques. Written by internationally recognized academic and industrial contributors, the book will be of interest to those in industry and academia working in the fields of materials science, polymer chemistry and energy applications of polymers. Together with Fluorinated Polymers: Applications, these books provide a complete overview of different fluorinated polymer materials and their uses.  

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This book covers the recent applications of fluoropolymers. Examples include materials for energy applications such as fuel cell membranes, lithium ion batteries and photovoltaics, as well as high-tech areas such as aerospace and aeronautics, automotives, building industries, textile finishings and electronics. Written by internationally recognized academic and industrial contributors, the book will be of interest to those in industry and academia working in the fields of materials science, polymer chemistry and energy applications of polymers. Together with Fluorinated Polymers: Synthesis, Properties, Processing and Simulation, these books provide a complete overview of different fluorinated polymer materials and their uses.

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This volume brings together contributions by leading researchers covering a wide scope so characteristic of fluorine chemistry. It is a monograph of historical character comprising personalized accounts of progress and events in areas of particular interest. There is also much to interest and instruct chemists from other disciplines as a good proportion of the chapters contain a considerable amount of 'hard' referenced information relating to modern organic, organoelemental and inorganic chemistry. Historians of chemistry and technology will no doubt be tempted to dip into this book, and surely whoever addresses the task of commemorating Moissan's achievement at the 150-years stage will bless us all in some measure for its existence.

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This book is dedicated to all who have contributed to the acquisition of knowledge concerning the chemistry of fluorine and its compounds. It is published to commemorate the centenary of the first isolation of elemental fluorine by Henri Moissan in 1886. His notable achievement provides the justification of this book, but over the years many chemists, ranging from famous to obscure, have worked in the rather special and exciting field of fluorine chemistry. All have contributed something to the vast body of information now available, and the scope of this book is a tribute to their collective endeavours. The book is in two parts. The first addresses the history of the development of fluorine chemistry from the 18th century to the key period centered after World War II; this includes Moissan's own accomplishments. The second comprises reviews by acknowledged experts of the major branches of the field; these update the earlier accounts and show how the subject has developed, from difficult, experimental beginnings, into a coherent sub-discipline of chemistry.

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Most people associate fluoride with the practice of intentionally adding fluoride to public drinking water supplies for the prevention of tooth decay. However, fluoride can also enter public water systems from natural sources, including runoff from the weathering of fluoride-containing rocks and soils and leaching from soil into groundwater. Fluoride pollution from various industrial emissions can also contaminate water supplies. In a few areas of the United States fluoride concentrations in water are much higher than normal, mostly from natural sources. Fluoride is one of the drinking water contaminants regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) because it can occur at these toxic levels. In 1986, the EPA established a maximum allowable concentration for fluoride in drinking water of 4 milligrams per liter, a guideline designed to prevent the public from being exposed to harmful levels of fluoride. Fluoride in Drinking Water reviews research on various health effects from exposure to fluoride, including studies conducted in the last 10 years.

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Fluoride is known to occur at elevated concentration in a number of parts of the world, where it can be a significant cause of disease. The primary focus of this book is the prevention of adverse health effects from excessive levels of fluoride in drinking water. The book fills the urgent need, identified for updating the WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, for information on the occurrence of fluoride, its health effects, ways of reducing excess levels, and methods for analysis of fluoride in water. The draft document, produced by a working group of experts convened to consider protection from fluoride and its control, was issued for extensive review and consultation. The resultant book, which incorporates the comments received, was further peer reviewed by experts in developed and developing countries. It is aimed at a wide range of individuals, including health workers and sanitary engineers who may require a broad introduction to the subject with more detailed guidance in some specific areas. Fluoride in Drinking-waterwill be an invaluable reference source for all those concerned with the management of drinking water containing fluoride and the health effects arising from its consumption, including water sector managers and practitioners, as well as health sector staff at policy and implementation levels. It will also be of interest to researchers, students, development workers, and consultants.

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Fluorine continues to intrigue chemists who overcome the challenge of handling this remarkable halogen and work to develop varied methods for synthesising fluorine compounds. The unique properties of these materials, ranging from inert perfluorocarbons and fluoropolymers to a multitude of other fascinating fluorinated compounds, firmly established their place amidst the technological achievements of the 20th Century. Fluorine substitution in biologically active compounds has become particularly significant in recent years. This book presents new and significant research in this field.

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Fluorine is a poisonous and corrosive gas and breathing just a tiny bit of fluorine can damage the lungs. But, fluorine’s reactivity makes it a very useful element - it is used in toothpaste and in nonstick surfaces for frying pans, and to refine uranium fuel that is utilized in nuclear power plants. Students learn about fluorine’s phase at room temperature, its place within a very special group, VIIA, called the halogens, on the periodic table, its physical and chemical properties, and about its isotopes and atomic weight.

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The newest in a series of carefully selected reprint volumes from the Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, this work presents readers with an easily accessible desk-reference on fluorine compounds.

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Every single thing and person consists of elements, and this informative series will help young readers understand just how important the elements are and what role they play in the science of chemistry. Enhanced by easy-to follow diagrams and full-color illustrations, the text explains how elements behave, their individual characteriscs, and their importance in everyday life. A wonderfully balanced combination of color photographs, paintings, and drawings enhance the text and assist in learning about each element.

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